Universal City Studios, Inc. (Universal) entered into a general contract with Turner Construction Company (Turner) for the construction of the Jurassic Park ride. Turner entered into a subcontract with Pacific Custom Pools, Inc. (PCP) for PCP to furnish and install all water treatment work for the project for the contract price of $959,131. PCP performed work on the project from April 2017 until June 2018, for which it was paid $897,719. PCP’s contractor’s license, however, was under suspension from October 12, 2017 to March 14, 2018. In addition, PCP’s license had expired as of January 31, 2018, and it was not renewed until May 5, 2018. California Business and Professions Code Section 7031 provides that no contractor may bring an action to recover compensation for the performance of any work requiring a license unless he or she was “a duly licensed contractor at all times during the performance of that [work], regardless of the merits of the cause of action brought by the contractor.” The purpose of this licensing law is to protect the public from incompetence and dishonesty in those who provide building and construction services. PCP brought suit against Universal and Turner, the defendants, for the remainder of the contract price. Explain who should prevail. Octavio Sanchez worked as a delivery driver at a Domino’s Pizza restaurant owned by Western Pizza. He drove his own car in making deliveries. His hourly wage ranged from the legal minimum wage to approximately $0.50 above minimum wage. Western Pizza reimbursed him at a fixed rate of

$0.80 per delivery regardless of the number of miles driven or actual expenses incurred. Sanchez brought this class action against Western Pizza, alleging that the flat rate at which drivers were reimbursed for delivery expenses violated wage and hour laws and that the drivers were paid less than the legal minimum wage.