Born in Mexico, Jose Castro illegally entered the United States in 1988, and got a job with Hoffman Plastic by showing false identification. In December 1988 the United Rubber, Cork, Linoleum and Plastic Workers of America, AFL-CIO started a union organizing campaign at his production plant, and Castro supported the effort, distributing authorization cards. In January 1989 Castro and others who had been involved in the organizing were laid off. The NLRB found that Castor’s lay-off violated the law because Hoffman was attempting to “rid itself of known union supporters.” In 2002, the Supreme Court ruled that as an undocumented “alien,” Castro was not entitled to the monetary remedy (back pay) otherwise available under the National Labor Relations Act. Who are the stakeholders in this case? What impact does the ruling have on each of them? Suppose Castro had been fired after reporting health or safety violations in the workplace.

Would a similar outcome—no whistleblower protection for an undocumented alien—

apply?