Riley argues that the infringement of collective rights is only the first violation against Native peoples:

Beyond appropriation lies the distortion and misrepresentation of tribal creations as they are freely picked up by non-Natives and openly exploited for capital gain, playing into Westerners’ fetish-ism with Native works, but without recognition or compensation going to the Native communities.

Compare the distortion that occurs in “borrowing” indigenous work to other kinds of borrowing, such as music sampling or the creation of jigsaw puzzles and mouse pads out of reproductions of well-known paintings.