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organizational communication
Questions and Answers of
Organizational Communication
What are the practical implications of recognizing that language is a process?
What abilities are possible because humans use symbols?
How are language and thought related?
What could you say to Jim to help him and his parents reach a shared perspective on his academic work?
How might you assess the accuracy of Jim’s attributions? What questions could you ask him to help you decide whether his perceptions are well founded or biased?3.. What constructs, prototypes, and
Both Jim and his parents make attributions to explain his grades. Describe the dimensions of Jim’s attributions and those of his parents.
The accomplished golfer Tiger Woods refuses the labels black or Asian or Caucasian or Indian because he is all of those, not just one of them.He coined the term Cablinasian to defi ne his ethnicity.
Paul Watzlawick (1984). The invented reality: How do we know what we believe we know? Don’t let the publication date of this book fool you. It is as useful today as when it was published in raising
Learn more about fact–inference confusion and other ways in which language and perception affect our thinking by visiting the website of the Institute of General Semantics. You can access it by
Volunteer to work in a context that allows you to interact with people you have not spent time with—for example, volunteer at a homeless shelter.Make a list of schemata (prototypes, personal
Go to a grocery store and notice how products are placed on shelves (at eye level, lower, or higher)and the colors and designs on product packaging.Identify factors discussed in this chapter that are
Think of someone you know who is personcentered. Describe the specifi c skills this person uses and how they affect his or her communication.
Read a local paper and pay attention to how the language in stories shapes your perceptions of events and people. Identify examples of how language shapes perceptions.
How do physiological factors affect your perceptions?How do your biorhythms affect your daily schedules?
Pay attention to how you communicate with people both online and face to face. What differences can you identify in how you communicate in each medium? What differences can you identify in how others
How can we use language to enhance skill in perceiving?
Does mind reading help or hinder communication?
How does the self-serving bias aff ect the accuracy of our perceptions?
What factors infl uence our perceptions?
What processes are involved in perceiving?
What ethical choices did the senior employee make in communicating with Toya?
Review “The New Employee,” the case study for Chapter
What ethical choices did Dr. Muehlhoff make in his conversation with Jenna Hiller about the relevance of ethics to communication?
Dr. Muehlhoff also noted that he had seen a book entitled, What Would Machiavelli Do? The Ends Justify the Meanness He then suggested that there are many people we might pick as our ethical guides.
Dr. Tim Muehlhoff quoted the following statement from The Miracle of Dialogue: “I cannot hear you because of what I expect you to say.” Recall some instances in your own life where you have been
Go to the book’s online resources for this chapter and click on WebLink 2.4 to access NCA’s online magazine, Communication Currents. You will fi nd articles that refl ect current research and
Josina Makau’s (2009) chapter on ethical and unethical communication is important for all students in the fi eld. Consider how the ethical frameworks discussed in her chapter might inform volunteer
Go to your library or an online database, such as InfoTrac College Edition, that provides full articles from academic journals. Read this article: Elise Dallimore, Julie Hertenstein, and Marjorie
This chapter provides an overview of the fi eld of communication and notes how it has evolved in response to social changes and issues. What major changes do you anticipate in U.S. society in the
Review the areas of communication discussed in the section on the breadth of the communication fi eld. In which areas do you feel most competent as a communicator? In which areas do you feel less
What themes unify areas of study within the fi eld of communication?
What areas of study and teaching constitute the discipline of communication today?
What methods do communication scholars use to conduct research?
In what context did the study and teaching of communication begin?
How would your communication differ if you acted according to a linear model of communication, as opposed to a transactional one?
What responsibilities do you have to Toya, to your supervisor, and to the company? How can you reflect thoughtfully about potential tensions between these responsibilities?
What would you say next to Toya? How would you meet your ethical responsibilities as her mentor and also adapt to her need for reassurance?
Visit the Center for Communication and Civic Engagement, which can be accessed by going to the book’s online resources for this chapter and clicking on WebLink 1.8. At this site, you’ll fi nd
Watch the fi lm An Unfi nished Life. Analyze the communication among the four main characters, with a focus on the system within which they operate. What are the elements of the system?Identify two
Visit the website of the National Communication Association (NCA), which can be accessed by going to the book’s online resources for this chapter and clicking on WebLink 1.7. Click links to learn
Survey the last three editions of your campus newspaper for announcements of opportunities for community service and civic engagement. Can you identify one that interests you? If so, use the contact
Go to the placement offi ce on your campus and examine descriptions of available positions.Record the number of job notices that call for communication skills.
Interview a professional in your fi eld of choice.Identify the communication skills that he or she thinks are most important for success. Which of those skills do you already have? Which skills do
Using each of the models discussed in this chapter, describe communication in your class. What does each model highlight and obscure? Which model best describes and explains communication in your
What careers are open to people with strong backgrounds in communication?F
How do diff erent models represent the process of human communication?
What communication processes and skills are relevant in all contexts?
How is communication defi ned?
What are the benefi ts of studying communication?
4. Do you perceive any relationship-level meanings that aren’t being addressed in this conversation? Apply what you’ve learned in this chapter by analyzing the following case study, using the
3. To what extent do you think Andy and Martha feel listened to by the other? Apply what you’ve learned in this chapter by analyzing the following case study, using the accompanying questions as a
2. Identify communication that fosters a defensive interpersonal climate. Apply what you’ve learned in this chapter by analyzing the following case study, using the accompanying questions as a
1. Identify examples of mind reading, and describe their impact on Martha’s and Andy’s discussion. Apply what you’ve learned in this chapter by analyzing the following case study, using the
4. Clicking on WebLink 7.3 will take you to the Powerful Non-Defensive Communication site, which offers exercises to assess and improve your skill in creating supportive communication climates.
3. To learn how gender and other facets of identity affect communication, including listening, go to the book’s online resources for this chapter and click on WebLink 7.2.
2. To read Jack Gibb’s original paper on defensive and supportive communication, go to the book’s online resources for this chapter and click on WebLink 7.1.
1. Redford Williams, M.D., and Virginia Williams, Ph.D. (1993). Anger kills: Seventeen strategies for controlling the hostility that can harm your health. New York: HarperPerennial. This is
6. As a class, identify ways in which faculty at your school confi rm and disconfi rm students.Be specifi c in naming particular types of communication (and examples) that are confi rming and
5. When do you fi nd it most diffi cult to confi rm others? Is it hard for you to be confi rming when you disagree with another person? After reading this chapter, can you distinguish disagreement
4. How often do you use exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect responses to confl ict? What are the effects?
3. Interview a professional in the fi eld you plan to enter or return to after completing college. Ask your interviewee to describe the kind of climate that is most effective in his or her work
2. As a class, discuss the ethical principles refl ected in the communication behaviors discussed in this chapter. What ethical principles underlie confi rming communication and disconfi rming
1. Think about the most effective work climate you’ve ever experienced. Describe the communication in that climate. How does the communication in that situation refl ect the skills and principles
4. When is it appropriate to show grace toward others?
3. How can we confi rm both ourselves and others?
2. In what ways can confl ict enrich relationships?
1. What kinds of communication foster defensive and supportive communication climates?
3. What advice would you offer Josh on listening more effectively to his father? Apply what you’ve learned in this chapter by analyzing the following case study, using the accompanying questions as
2. If you could advise Josh’s father on listening effectively, what would you tell him to do differently? Apply what you’ve learned in this chapter by analyzing the following case study, using
1. What examples of ineffective listening are evident in this dialogue? Apply what you’ve learned in this chapter by analyzing the following case study, using the accompanying questions as a guide.
2. To learn more about taking good notes to improve recall, go to the book’s online resources for this chapter and click on WebLink 6.3 to visit the Web page created by the Offi ce of Academic
1. The fi lm Erin Brockovich dramatically illustrates the power of listening. Watch the fi lm, and pay attention to how Julia Roberts, in the role of Erin Brockovich, shows she is listening carefully
2. Spend time with people you do not usually interact with. If you are engaged in a service learning project, your community partners would be a good choice. Practice using minimal encouragers and
1. As a class, identify ethical principles that guide different listening purposes. What different moral goals and responsibilities accompany informational and critical listening and relationship
5. How we can improve our listening skills?
4. How does eff ective listening diff er across listening goals?
3. What obstacles interfere with eff ective listening?
2. What’s involved in listening?
1. How do listening and hearing diff er?
4. If you were the sixth member of this team, what kinds of communication might you enact to help relieve tension in the group? Apply what you’ve learned in this chapter by analyzing the following
3. How do artifacts affect interaction between members of the team? Apply what you’ve learned in this chapter by analyzing the following case study, using the accompanying questions as a guide.
2. Identify nonverbal behaviors that express relationship-level meanings of communication. What aspects of team members’ nonverbal communication express liking or disliking, responsiveness or lack
1. Identify nonverbal behaviors that regulate turn taking within the team. Apply what you’ve learned in this chapter by analyzing the following case study, using the accompanying questions as a
2. Tootsie remains one of the best fi lms ever made depicting gendered nonverbal communication.View the fi lm, and notice how lead actor Dustin Hoffman changes his nonverbal behaviors when he is
1. R. E. Axtell. (1998). Gestures: The do’s and taboos of body language around the world. New York:John Wiley. This is a very readable book that provides fascinating examples of how different
4. Attend a public hearing at your school or in the nearby community. It could be a meeting about zoning, placement of a public facility, etc. Observe nonverbal communication such as where public
3. As a class, discuss current gender prescriptions in the United States. How are men and women“supposed” to look? How are these cultural expectations communicated? How might you resist and alter
2. Describe the spatial arrangements in the home of your family of origin. Was there a room in which family members interacted a good deal? How was furniture arranged in that room? Who had separate
1. Attend a gathering of people from a culture different from yours. It might be a meeting at a Jewish temple if you’re Christian, an African-American church if you are white, or a meeting of Asian
Observe a restaurant in which you feel rushed and another restaurant in which you feel like taking your time. Describe the following for each restaurant:1. How much space is there between tables?2.
Observe a business setting—an offi ce or other work context. To sharpen your insight into spatial indicators of power, answer the following questions:1. Who has more space? Who has less?2. Who
4. How can you improve your eff ectiveness in using and interpreting nonverbal communication?
3. How does nonverbal communication express cultural values?
2. What types of nonverbal behavior have scholars identifi ed?
1. What is nonverbal communication?
4. To what extent do Celia and Bernadette engage in dual perspective to understand each other? Apply what you’ve learned in this chapter by analyzing the following case study, using the
3. Do you agree with Celia that the problem is Bernadette’s, not hers?Explain your answer. Apply what you’ve learned in this chapter by analyzing the following case study, using the accompanying
2. Identify examples of loaded language and ambiguous language. Apply what you’ve learned in this chapter by analyzing the following case study, using the accompanying questions as a guide. These
1. Identify examples of you-language in this conversation. How would you change it to I-language? Apply what you’ve learned in this chapter by analyzing the following case study, using the
2. Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct:How mind creates language. New York:HarperPerennial; Pinker, S. (2008). The stuff of thought: Language as a window to human nature. New York: Penguin.
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