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organizational communication
Questions and Answers of
Organizational Communication
• Can you think of a time when an event or message spurred you to action?
• Do you think health campaigns influence the choices you make? Why or why not?
• What is your favorite PSA or campaign? Why?
• What is the first health-related PSA or campaign that comes to your mind? Why do you think it is so memorable?
• If you learned that your estimates were inaccurate, would it influence the way you behave?
• How much alcohol do most college students drink on a typical night out? How often?
• If so, what do you think of them?
6. Choose campaign messages delivered via a variety of channels. Compare them in terms of reach, specificity, impact, arousal, and involvement.
5. Explain the activation model for information exposure.Link it to the concept of sensation seeking.
4. Using the knowledge gap hypothesis, explain why people of low socioeconomic status are often underinformed about health issues. How does the digital divide figure in? What are some tips for
3. Using your classmates as a target audience, conduct a quick focus group to identify an important health interest they have in common. Then develop a simple survey to find out more about their
2. What are five qualities of good campaigns, as illustrated by the exemplary campaigns in this chapter? Find or think of other campaigns that embody one or more of these best practices.
1. Describe the strategy and principles of the truth®campaign. How do they relate to the principles suggested throughout the chapter?
7. If a person has a family history of a disease, should he or she be required by society to take extra health precautions?
6. In your opinion, which of the following behaviors(if any) should be grounds for denying or limiting health benefits? On what criteria do you make your judgments?Smoking Engaging in unprotected sex
5. How do you weigh the argument that some people are not well informed about health issues(perhaps because they cannot read or cannot afford a computer) and that it is unfair to expect them to
4. Do you agree with the rationale behind many states’ seatbelt and motorcycle helmet laws—that people who neglect safety precautions not only endanger their own lives but increase the trauma and
3. Should it be against the law to sell or advertise products known to have a high health risk? Does it matter if such products are addictive?
2. Should people be required by law to engage in healthy practices such as being immunized and exercising regularly?
1. Should people who knowingly take health risks pay more than others for health insurance?Should they be denied insurance? Should they be denied health services?
• Is there anyone who should not be encouraged to participate?
• Who might reasonably be expected to adopt these behaviors?
• Who is in most need of these benefits?
• Who stands to benefit from the recommended behaviors?
• What are people’s reasons for participating (or not)?
• Who is currently involved (and not involved) in the recommended activity?
• Be clear and honest about whether responses will be anonymous (we do not know the respondent’s identity) or confidential (we know, but we will not divulge, his or her identity).
• Avoid overkill. We all probably receive more online survey requests than we can fulfill. Respect people’s time by sending surveys only to the target audience.
• Go easy on formatting. Complex graphics can make surveys difficult to open and to read.
• Keep it quick, and keep it simple.
• What might supermarket personnel do to make healthy choices accessible without being unfairly manipulative or paternalistic?
• Do you feel it is ethical for supermarket personnel to display fresh produce in highly visible places throughout the store? Why or why not?
• Do you feel it is ethical to locate the supermarket bakery near the front of the stores so that shoppers will immediately smell the scent of bread and sweets? Why or why not?
7. Trace the development of the H5N1 avian flu case so far. Would you be frightened if a containment zone were declared in your area? Why or why not? Do you feel adequately informed about and
6. Describe how the CDC communication staff handled the anthrax crisis and what we can learn from the experience.
5. Discuss the ethical implications raised by the Andrew Speaker and Mary Mallon (Typhoid Mary) cases. Why might such public health risks be even more salient today than in Mallon’s time?What do
4. Describe the risk management/communication framework (RMCF) that Scott Ratzan and Wendy Meltzer present.
3. Of the three risk communication traditions presented by Peter Sandman, which is most descriptive of risk communication? Of crisis communication?
2. What advice do you have for health crisis communicators who are worried about creating panic? For those who are worried that too many warnings will make people indifferent when true emergencies
1. How would you feel if health officials in hazardous-material suits showed up at your home and the homes of your neighbors, demanding that you turn ill family members over to them? What if you
6. Given the opportunity, would you choose to be vaccinated? Why or why not?
5. Depending on how the virus mutates, the vaccine might not be especially effective. Do you think governments should invest in it anyway? Why or why not?
4. Are you in favor of requiring people at high risk for avian flu (such as those who regularly handle birds) to get vaccinated? Why or why not?
3. Viruses such as the flu often spread quickly among children. Would you vaccinate them early on? Why or why not?
2. Would you first vaccinate people in communities in which avian flu cases have already been diagnosed? Why or why not? If those citizens or their governments are unable to afford the vaccine, do
1. If you had to choose, which of the following populations would you vaccinate and why? (a) people who are most likely to die from the disease if they get it; (b) service providers such as health
• Do you feel adequately informed about, and prepared for, such a crisis?
• Would you be frightened if a containment zone were declared in your area? Why or why not?
• Through what channels are you most likely to seek information?
• What type of information will you want?
• If an incident of bioterrorism occurs in your state or community, what spokespeople will you trust most? Why?
8. A common means of transmitting illness is shaking hands with others and then touching food.Some people suggest that we would be healthier(and perhaps avert epidemics) if we bowed or waved in
7. Many illnesses could be prevented if people washed their hands before eating. In Japan, even fast-food restaurants provide moist towelettes with every meal. Do you think other countries should
6. In some countries, people who have colds wear disposable face masks (like surgical masks) in public to protect others. Do you think people in other countries should adopt this practice as well?
5. Babies and people whose immune systems are compromised by illness, chemotherapy, or other conditions are particularly susceptible to diseases that would not endanger others. Should we exercise
4. Historians have noted that Mary Mallon had little means of earning a living besides being a cook.If protecting others means changing careers, should the government help pay for new vocational
3. If a person knowingly exposes others to a contagious disease, should the people who are exposed have the right to sue? Would you? Why or why not?
2. Should airlines beef up their “no fly” lists so that people with highly contagious diseases are not permitted aboard? Why or why not?
1. Should the state take people into custody if they refuse to take actions (such as wearing gloves or face masks, agreeing not to fly, and so on) that would help protect others from catching their
7. What might you do to prepare for future risks and crises?
6. When the crisis has passed, how will you evaluate the success or failure of your efforts?
5. What will you do when your staff cannot keep up with all the phone calls, much less research the issue and contact stakeholders?
4. How will you get (and convey) answers to reporters’questions such as the following: How sick are the children? Could this be deadly? Can you arrange interviews with some of the children or
3. How would you enlist the stakeholders as active partners in the process?
2. What stakeholders might you involve, and why?What questions would you ask each stakeholder group?
1. Where would you begin? What would you do first?
3. Are you more concerned about the safety of vaccines, or the ill effects of disease they are meant to prevent? Why?
2. If information is inconsistent, which sources are you most likely to trust? Why?
1. What type of information do you consider most important on the topic of vaccines:news stories, scientific studies, physicians, parents, celebrities, or another source? Why?
• Are you likely to tune in to hear a public official update the public about a crisis? Why or why not?
• Do you trust information you see in the news about a health crisis? Why or why not?
10. Analyze several media messages (an advertisement, a news story, a video game, or so on) following the steps in a media literacy program.What conclusions do you reach about the creators’agenda?
9. Based on communication infrastructure theory, brainstorm how you might initiate a respectful and effective community campaign to address the issue of childhood obesity.
8. What did Gerbner mean by the term happy violence?Can you give some examples from your own media experiences?
7. Do you ever struggle with the type of insecurities Rachel Hills describes, in terms of being attractive to others? In what situations, if any, do you feel sexually objectified? What evidence of
6. Identify several health items in the news. Does the information reflect ongoing health concerns(e.g., heart disease, cancer, asthma) or rarer conditions?Is the information helpful in terms of
5. In what ways do some advertisers pathologize the human body? In what ways do some music videos dehumanize women? What are the health implications of these?
4. You read about evidence that alcoholic beverage makers target underage youth and particular racial groups? Have you seen evidence of this yourself? If so, how? Do you think it has an effect?
3. In what ways, if any, do media messages affect your food choices? Your body image? Your decision to drink or smoke, or not? Your preference for particular brands? Why do you feel you have been
2. Identify several DTC ads for pharmaceutical drugs. In your opinion, are the depictions in the ads realistic? Fair? Culturally inclusive? What are the advantages and disadvantages of these ads, as
1. Consider the mediated images and messages that an elementary school student is likely to encounter in a typical day via television, billboards, the news, the Internet, video games, and so on.
5. Do you believe programs designed specifically to promote healthy behaviors would be popular in the United States? Do you think such programs should be created? Why or why not?
4. Do you think it would diminish the entertainment value of your favorite movies and TV shows if they showed healthy behaviors or realistic consequences?
3. Do you think it is irresponsible of the entertainment industry to misrepresent the natural consequences of violent or otherwise unhealthy behavior?
2. Should entertainers consider how their programs might influence audience members?
1. Do you think entertainment programming influences people’s behavior? For instance, are people more likely to use condoms if they see their favorite characters talking about them in television
• Consider reflecting the reality that homeowners often freeze up or tremble so badly when trying to use a gun in self-defense that they are unable to deploy it.
• Have one of your characters remind another to apply sunscreen before going outside.
• Keep in mind that manic depression does not result from isolated personal traumas, such as the death of a loved one or the breakup of a relationship.
• Do you agree or disagree with the argument that people should be able to enjoy entertainment programming without being wary of embedded sales pitches? Why?
• Do you think viewers are affected by product placements in the movies and on television? If so, how?
2. By the time a person is 65, how much time has he or she probably spent watching television?
1. How many minutes per hour does the typical TV station devote to public service announcements (PSAs)?
• Kids are more likely to see alcohol ads than adults are. How many more ads are they likely to see than their parents in a typical year?
• What percent of eighth graders in the United States has drunk alcohol in the last 30 days?
2. What percentage of children in the United States are obese today?
1. Worldwide, how does the number of people who are obese today compare with the number in 1980?
• Have you done research or asked your doctor or pharmacist about a particular drug? Why or why not?
• Have you ever become interested in a drug because you saw it advertised? If so, why?
• How do you think we can minimize the effects of media images that establish unrealistic standards of attractiveness?
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