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organizational communication
Questions and Answers of
Organizational Communication
• Some people feel that smoking and obesity have become stigmatized in the United States.Do you agree or disagree? Why?
• Why might members of a society stigmatize ill individuals?
• Have you ever experienced health care in a different culture? If so, what was your experience like? How was it similar to the health care you experience at home? How was it different?
• Do you have experience interacting with people from diverse cultures? If so, what are the most important things you have learned?
11. Think carefully about the way you communicate with older adults? Does your communication exhibit accommodation in any way? If so, how?Do you think the accommodation is necessary or might you be
10. Imagine that you must explain to a child what it means to have cancer. What language and metaphors might you use? How would you change the way you communicate based on the child’s age and
9. Researchers make the point that we all have abilities and disabilities of different sorts. What do you consider your greatest abilities? Your greatest challenges? Do these influence your identity
8. What did you learn from the case study “Language Barriers in a Health Care Emergency” (Box 6.5)? Have you ever been in a situation in which it was difficult to understand or convey important
7. Do you think affirmative action should be maintained or abolished as a factor when selecting students for caregiver education programs (Box 6.3).Why do you feel that way?
6. Are you interested in knowing your genetic profile?Why or why not? Are you concerned that, if you have a genetic profile, the information might be used against you? Why or why not?
5. What are some explanations of why people of different races seem to achieve different health outcomes?Have you ever witnessed or experienced any of these factors? If so, which ones?
4. List at least 10 words that describe your gender identity. Do you relate to any of the identities represented in the acronym LGBTQQIAAP?Does your gender identity inf luence your health and the way
3. We are all more literate in some ways than others.What types of information do you find it easy to understand? What types are difficult for you?How might someone best help you understand
2. How might you apply the factors relevant to socioeconomic status to yourself? In what ways are you privileged? In what ways are you disadvantaged?How do these affect your health and the way you
1. Consider the brief scenario described by Lucy Candib at the beginning of the chapter. What elements of intersectionality theory can you apply to the patient she describes? What micro- and
• It’s common for people in their eighties and nineties to say they do not feel old or consider themselves “seniors” or “elderly” at all. Did any of the people you talked to feel that
• What did you learn about their preferences?
• Ask older people you know which term(s)they prefer from the following list and why:elders, seniors, elderly, older adults, senior citizen.
• Start to notice how you communicate with older adults. Do you behave differently than you would with other people. If so, how?
• How would you react if everyone started speaking unusually slowly or loudly to you?
• To test the effects of communication accommodation, try altering your speech and observing how a conversational partner reacts. Does he or she converge (e.g., whisper if you whisper)or diverge?
3. How does the average life span for men and women in the United States compare?
2. In which country are people’s lives the shortest?
1. Around the world, in which country do people have the longest average life expectancy?
6. Have you ever been in a situation in which you have had to communicate with someone who did not speak the same language as you? How did you handle the situation?
5. Researchers have found that people are more fearful about medical visits if they feel socially alienated and disconnected from their environments. What might we do to ease these feelings?
4. What could the first surgeon have done to help both Maria and Consuelo feel more at ease?
3. How could Consuelo have eliminated some of her anxiety?
2. Do you think hospitals should do more to accommodate non-English speakers? Why or why not?
1. How might you have acted if you were Consuelo?If you were Maria?
4. Do you think genetic test results would strengthen your resolve to engage in healthy behaviors?
3. Suppose your test results show a genetic propensity for a disease that, so far, we don’t know how to prevent. Would you want to know?Why or why not?
2. Are you worried that genetic test results may be used to discriminate unfairly against individuals or groups of people? Why or why not?
1. If it were affordable, would you undergo genetic testing? Why or why not?
7. Doctors say one reason they overtreat patients is because they may be sued for malpractice if they don’t do everything possible. How would you resolve this dilemma?
6. If research is able to develop improved treatment options but the cost of the research significantly raises health care costs, should the system continue to fund research? What if higher costs
5. Who should decide which care will be funded?Doctors? Funding agencies? Community members?Patients? Legislators?
4. If you could fund only two of the following procedures, which would you choose? On what criteria would you base your choices?a. Surgery to help an infertile couple conceive a childb. Plastic
3. If two patients suffer from the same condition, should they be treated differently? What if one is a child and one is very old? What if one is famous and the other is unknown? What if one is
2. If there is a slight chance that an expensive experimental drug will prolong a dying person’s life, should the insurance company or health organization pay for use of the drug?
1. If one person can afford expensive treatment but another cannot, is it okay to refuse care to the less affluent person?
• What factors might affect your ability to understand complex medical information in the future?
• Can you think of a time when you didn’t understand health-related information? If so, what did you do?
9. Imagine that your grandfather is the hypothetical patient described in the chapter as Mr. S. What types of professionals would you choose to be on his care team? What factors would you like them
8. What do you say to health professionals who are devastated by a mistake and want to apologize, yet are afraid that doing so will invalidate their malpractice coverage and possibly destroy their
7. In the case of Willie King, whom do you believe should be held responsible for amputating the wrong leg? Why? Whom, if anyone, should be sued? Who should pay the extra medical bills?
6. Name some strategies for avoiding burnout as a caregiver. Which of these do you, or might you, incorporate into your own life whether you are a caregiver or not?
5. What do you think of the “Blowing the Whistle”case study? Why do you think substance abuse is higher than normal among health care providers?
4. Describe the provisions of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).What would you change about the act, if you could, to make it more effective in terms of communicating
3. Describe how time constraints may affect patient–caregiver communication and influence caregiver satisfaction. How do you respond to some health professionals’ argument that they must limit
2. Considering the transformation at Virginia Mason Cancer Center, what might medical staff members do to improve the environment and reduce wait times? Be creative.
1. Create a hypothetical scenario that illustrates role theory in the context of a health care interaction.
2. Would you want the doctor to undergo counseling and have a second chance to practice medicine?Why or why not?
1. If you discovered that your doctor was abusing narcotics, would it change your opinion of him or her?
• Who has the highest average salary—registered nurses, pharmacists, or physical therapists?
• What percentage work in health care now?
• What percentage of Americans worked in health care prior to 1960?
• What are some of your emotional hot buttons, and how might they influence you as a patient or a caregiver?
• If so, what caused you to feel that way?
• Even if you did not show it outwardly, have you ever been surprised by your emotional reaction in a health care experience?
5. How far do you think the federal government should go to enforce privacy regulations? Do you agree with adding staff members, more paperwork, and oversight committees? Would you suggest other or
4. Some people believe the private-environment regulations are too strict. For example, an orthodontist who previously encouraged patients and families to move throughout the clinic and get to know
3. Have you ever felt that you had to discuss confidential medical information within earshot of others (e.g., at a pharmacy counter or during a medical visit)? Do you feel this is a serious
2. Under what circumstances, if any, would you like to receive health-related information through the mail? Do you feel it is important that people have an opportunity to opt out of such mailing
1. Have you been asked to sign a HIPAA Alert? Did you understand the information provided? Did you feel that you had to sign?
• In your opinion, how can patients collaborate with care providers to manage time effectively?
• How do you respond to some health professionals’ argument that they must limit patients’ input so that they can keep visits within a particular time limit?
• Why do you think it happened?
• If so, what have you observed?
• Have you seen evidence of caregivers who come to resent the demands of their patients or to depersonalize them?
• Can you imagine feeling a similar way under the same sort of pressure?
• What is your reaction to residents’admission that they sometimes yearn for a declining patient to go ahead and die so that they can finally get some rest?
5. Have you ever stopped taking prescription medicine before you were supposed to or missed a dosage? Have you engaged in unhealthy habits you would rather not admit to your doctor? If so, what
4. Think of the most dissatisfying health experience you have ever experienced. Create two columns on a sheet of paper. On the left side, write down what happened. On the right side, rewrite the
3. Imagine a scenario in which someone you love has been having agonizing headaches and doctors cannot figure out what is wrong. Write down several communication options that incorporate Jerome
2. If you were a health professional and a patient felt the treatment advice you gave her was unlikely to work, would you want to know about her reservations?Why or why not? What is the best way the
1. Write a paragraph about a health concern you or someone you know has experienced. Does your description mostly reflect the Voice of Lifeworld or the Voice of Medicine? How?
6. On what grounds, if any, should health professionals judge whether a patient is emotionally capable of making a life-or-death judgment about emergency treatment?
5. Sometimes it is in the best interest of society or health care workers to know if a person has a contagious disease (such as AIDS). If the person doesn’t consent to a test for that disease, do
4. In medical research, is it ever justified to deceive people (as in giving placebos) to make sure they are not just responding to the power of suggestion?If so, under what conditions?
3. Some people, such as those with terminal illnesses, are willing (even anxious) to try untested therapies. Researchers may not know what results to expect, and they may even anticipate negative
2. Sometimes medical information is difficult to understand fully. How should we establish if the consenting person is informed enough to give consent?
1. Do you agree with Jauhar’s decision? Why or why not? What would you have done in his place?
3. Do you think reward systems are a good idea?Why or why not?
2. If you said yes, would you be likely to cease those behaviors if the reward were no longer available?
1. Would you be more likely to engage in healthy behaviors if you might receive a cash award or prize for doing so?
• Brainstorm some other terms we might use.Which is your favorite?
• Do you feel the term patient is accurate when describing well people seeking to maintain their own health?
• What factors would make it easier for you to communicate openly?
• If so, what held you back?
• Have you ever found yourself reluctant or unable to tell a health professional what you wanted to say?
4. How can patients help ensure that they get the information they want?
3. Sometimes doctors feel they will alarm or confuse patients (especially young patients) by giving them medical details. Do you agree?
2. Do you think Sarah could have communicated more effectively? If so, how?
1. Do you think the first doctor could have communicated more effectively with Sarah? If so, how?
9. What are the assumptions and techniques of motivational interviewing? Would you enjoy being part of such an interview? Why or why not?10. Think of a health concern you have experienced personally.
8. Compare the assumptions of physician-centered and collaborative communication. How is the caregiver’s role different in each model? How is the patient’s role different? What are some of the
7. Compare a “rhetoric of passivity” with a “rhetoric of agency.” What are some communication strategies caregivers and patients can use to accomplish collaborative interpretation? Apply
6. According to the disclosure decision-making model, what three considerations affect whether people disclose nonvisible health concerns to someone else?
5. How could patients and caregivers lessen the likelihood of doorknob disclosures?
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