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statistics alive

Questions and Answers of Statistics Alive

2.20 Histogram for sugar For the breakfast cereal data, the figure below shows a histogram for the sugar values in grams.a. Identify the intervals of sugar values used for the plot.b. Describe the
2.19 Split Stems The figure below shows the stem-and-leaf plot for the cereal sugar values from Example 5, using split stems.Stem and Leaf Plot for Cereal Sugar Values with Leaf Unit = 1000a. What
2.18 Fertility rates The fertility rate for a nation is the average number of children per adult woman. The table below part c shows results for western European nations, the United States, Canada,
2.17 Student scores A student wants to examine the distribution of his scores as shown on his academic transcript. To this end, he constructs the stem-and-leaf plot of his records:a. Identify the
2.16 Spring break hotel prices For a trip to Miami, Florida, over spring break in 2014, the data below (obtained from travelocity.com) show the price per night (in U.S. dollars)for various hotel
2.15 Sugar dot plot For the breakfast cereal data given in Table 2.3, a dot plot for the sugar values (in grams) is shown:a. Identify the minimum and maximum sugar values.b. Which sugar outcomes
2.13 France is most popular holiday spot Which countries are most frequently visited by tourists from other countries?The table shows results according to Travel and Leisure magazine (2005).a. Is
2.12 Weather stations The pie chart (constructed using EXCEL) shown portrays the regional distribution of weather stations in the United States.a. Do the slices of the pie portray (i) variables
2.11 What do alligators eat? The bar chart is from a study2 investigating the factors that influence alligators’ choice of food. For 219 alligators captured in four Florida lakes, researchers
2.8 Number of children In the 2008 General Social Survey(GSS), 2020 respondents answered the question, “How many children have you ever had?” The results werea. Is the variable, number of
1.17 Comparing polls The following table shows the result of the 2012 presidential election along with the vote predicted by several organizations in the days before the election. The sample sizes
1.13 Age pyramids as descriptive statistics The figure shown is a graph published by Statistics Sweden. It compares Swedish society in 1750 and in 2010 on the numbers of men and women of various
2.149 GSS Access the General Social Survey at sda.berkeley.edu/GSS.a. Find the frequency table and histogram for Example 6 on TV watching. (Hint: Enter TVHOURS as the row variable, YEAR(2012) as the
2.148 Create own data For the Mean Versus Median web app, using the option “Supply own sample” from the drop down menu, your instructor will give you a data set to illustrate the effect of
2.147 The average student Refer to the data file you created in Activity 3 in Chapter 1. For variables chosen by your instructor, describe the “average student” in your class.Prepare a one-page
2.146 Rescale the data The mean and standard deviation of a sample may change if data are rescaled (for instance, temperature changed from Fahrenheit to Celsius). For a sample with mean xQ, adding a
2.145 Using MAD to measure variability The standard deviation is the most popular measure of variability from the mean. It uses squared deviations because the ordinary deviations sum to zero. An
2.144 Range the least resistant We’ve seen that measures such as the mean, the range, and the standard deviation can be highly influenced by outliers. Explain why the range is worst in this sense.
2.143 Range and standard deviation approximation Use the empirical rule to explain why the standard deviation of a bell-shaped distribution for a large data set is often roughly related to the range
2.142 Worldwide airline fatalities Statistics published on www.allcountries.org based on figures supplied by the U.S.Census Bureau show that 24 fatal accidents or less were observed in 23.1% of years
2.141 Mean for grouped data Refer to the calculation of the mean in Exercises 2.43 or 2.133. Explain why the mean for grouped data can be expressed as a sum, taking each possible outcome times the
2.140 True or false: Soccer According to a story on www.tsmplug.com, in the United Kingdom, the mean wage bill (in millions) for a Premier League club in 2012–2013 was £90.3. True or false: If the
2.139 Bad statistic A teacher summarizes grades on an exam by Min = 26, Q1 = 67, Q2 = 80, Q3 = 87, Max = 100, Mean = 76, Mode = 100, Standard deviation = 76, IQR = 20.She incorrectly recorded one of
2.138 True or false:a. The mean, median, and mode can never all be the same.b. The mean is always one of the data points.c. When n is odd, the median is one of the data points.d. The median is the
2.137 Multiple choice: Relative GPA The mean GPA for all students at a community college in the fall semester was 2.77. A student with a GPA of 2.0 wants to know her relative standing in relation to
2.136 Multiple choice: Fact about s Which statement about the standard deviation s is false?a. s can never be negative.b. s can never be zero.c. For bell-shaped distributions, about 95% of the data
2.135 Multiple choice: GRE scores In a study of graduate students who took the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), the Educational Testing Service reported that for the quantitative exam, U.S. citizens had a
2.134 Mode but not median and mean The previous exercise showed how to find the mean and median when a categorical variable has ordered categories. A categorical scale that does not have ordered
2.132 You give examples Give an example of a variable that you’d expect to have a distribution that isa. Approximately symmetricb. Skewed to the rightc. Skewed to the leftd. Bimodale. Skewed to the
2.130 Google trend Go to www.google.com/trends and click Explore in Depth. Look up a subject of interest to you and try to create a time plot that shows interest in the subject over time. Interpret
2.128 How much spent on haircuts? Is there a difference in how much males and females spend on haircuts? Access the Georgia Student Survey data file on the book’s website or use your class data to
2.127 Baseball’s great home run hitters The Baseball’s HR Hitters file on the book’s website contains data on the number of home runs hit each season by some of baseball’s great home run
2.125 Price of diamonds According to www.elitetraveler.com, the average sale price of the nine most expensive diamonds in the world was $114.36 million with a standard deviation of $150.28 million.
2.124 Blood pressure A World Health Organization study (the MONICA project) of health in various countries reported that in Canada, systolic blood pressure readings have a mean of 121 and a standard
2.122 High school graduation rates The distribution of high school graduation rates in the United States in 2009 had a minimum value of 79.9 (Texas), first quartile of 84.0, median of 87.4, third
2.121 What box plot do you expect? For each of the following variables, sketch a box plot that would be plausible.a. Exam score 1min = 0, max = 100, mean = 87, standard deviation = 102b. IQ (mean =
2.120 Health insurance In 2014, the five-number summary statistics for the distribution of statewide number of people (in thousands) without health insurance had a minimum of 31 (Vermont), Q1 = 156,
2.119 Teachers’ salaries According to Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2012, average salary (in dollars) of primary and secondary school classroom teachers in 2009 in the United States
2.118 Temperatures in Central Park Access the Central Park temps data file on the book’s website.a. Using software, construct a histogram of average March temperatures and interpret, noting shape,
2.115 Cigarette tax How do cigarette taxes per pack vary from one state to the next? The data set of 2003 cigarette taxes for all 50 states and Washington, D.C., is in the Cigarette Tax data file on
2.114 Income statistics According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2015 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, the mean income for males is$47,836.10 with a standard deviation of
2.113 More hurricane damage Refer to the previous exercise about hurricane damage and the histogram shown there.a. For this data, 93% of damages (i.e., all but the two most expensive) fall within one
2.111 Energy and water consumption In parts a andb, what shape do you expect for the distributions of electricity use and water use in a recent month in Gainesville, Florida?Why? (Data supplied by N.
2.110 Female heights According to a recent report from the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, females between 25 and 34 years of age have a bell-shaped distribution for height, with mean of
2.109 What does s equal?a. For an exam given to a class, the students’ scores ranged from 35 to 98, with a mean of 74. Which of the following is the most realistic value for the standard deviation:
2.107 Lengths of hikes Refer to the previous exercise.a. Give an example of five hike lengths such that the mean and median are equal.b. Give an example of five hike lengths such that the mode is 2,
2.106 Hiking In a guidebook about interesting hikes to take in national parks, each hike is classified as easy, medium, or hard and by the length of the hike (in miles). Which classification is
2.105 Golfers’ gains During the 2010 Professional Golfers Association (PGA) season, 90 golfers earned at least$1 million in tournament prize money. Of those, 5 earned at least $4 million, 11 earned
2.104 Household net worth A study reported that in 2007 the mean and median net worth of American families were$556,300 and $120,300, respectively.a. Is the distribution of net worth for these
2.103 Median versus mean sales price of new homes The U.S. Bureau of the Census reported a median sales price of new houses sold in March 2014 of $290,000. Would you expect the mean sales price to
2.102 Sketch plots For each of the following, sketch roughly what you expect a histogram to look like and explain whether the mean or the median would be greater.a. The selling price of new homes
2.101 What shape do you expect? For the following variables, indicate whether you would expect its histogram to be bell shaped, skewed to the right, or skewed to the left.Explain why.a. Number of
2.100 Sandwiches and cost Refer to the previous exercise.Repeat parts a–c for the cost of the sandwiches. Summarize your findings.
2.96 Longevity The Animals data set on the book’s website has data on the average longevity (measured in years) for 21 animals.a. Construct a stem-and-leaf plot of longevityb. Construct a histogram
2.93 Cool in China A recent survey7 asked 1200 university students in China to pick the personality trait that most defines a person as “cool.” The possible responses allowed, and the percentage
2.91 Continuous or discrete? Which of the following variables are continuous, when the measurements are as precise as possible?a. Age of motherb. Number of children in a familyc. Cooking time for
2.90 Categorical or quantitative? Identify each of the following variables as categorical or quantitative.a. Number of children in familyb. Amount of time in football game before first points
2.89 Bad graph Search some publications and find an example of a graph that violates at least one of the principles for constructing good graphs. Summarize what’s wrong with the graph and explain
2.83 Cell phone bill The cell phone bills of seven members of a family for the previous month were $89, $92, $92, $93,$95, $81, and $196.a. For the seven cell phone bills, report the mean and
2.81 Females or males watch more TV? Refer to the previous exercise. Suppose you wanted to compare TV watching by males and females. Construct a side-by-side box plot to do this. Interpret.
2.80 Florida students again Refer to the FL Student Survey data set on the book’s website and the data on weekly hours of TV watching.a. Use software to construct a box plot. Interpret the
2.79 Marathon results The results for the first 20 finishers of the Women’s Marathon in the World Athletics Championships in Beijing in 2015 appears to have a roughly bell-shaped distribution with
2.78 Height of buildings For the 50 tallest buildings in Washington D.C., the mean was 195.57 ft and the standard deviation was 106.32 ft. The tallest building in this sample had a height of 761 ft
2.77 Air pollution Example 17 discussed EU carbon dioxide emissions, which had a mean of 7.9 and standard deviation of 3.6.a. Finland’s observation was 11.5. Find its z-score and interpret.b.
2.76 European Union youth unemployment rates The 2013 unemployment rates of countries in the European Union shown in Exercise 2.63 ranged from 4.9 to 27.3, with Q1 = 7.15, median = 10.15, Q3 = 13.05,
2.74 Public transportation Exercise 2.37 described a survey about how many miles per day employees of a company use public transportation. The sample values were:0 0 4 0 0 0 10 0 6 0a. Identify the
2.73 Box plot for exam The scores on an exam have mean = 88, standard deviation = 10, minimum = 65, Q1 = 77, median = 85, Q3 = 91, maximum = 100.Sketch a box plot, labeling which of these values are
2.71 Computer use During a recent semester at the University of Florida, students having accounts on a mainframe computer had storage space use(in kilobytes) described by the five-number summary,
2.70 Infant mortality Europe For Western Europe, the infant mortality rates reported by the Human Development Report 2006 were:Sweden 3, Finland 3, Spain 3, Belgium 4, Denmark 4, France 4, Germany 4,
2.69 Infant mortality Africa The Human Development Report 2006, published by the United Nations, showed infant mortality rates (number of infant deaths per 1000 live births)by country. For Africa,
2.68 Traffic violations A company decides to examine the number of points its employees have accumulated in the last two years on their driving record point system. A sample of twelve employees
2.67 Variability of net worth of billionaires Here is the five-number summary for the distribution of the net worth(in billions) of the Top 659 World’s Billionaires according to Forbes
2.66 Ways to measure variability The standard deviation, the range, and the interquartile range (IQR) summarize the variability of the data.a. Why is the standard deviation s usually preferred over
2.65 Students’ shoe size Data collected over several years from college students enrolled in a business statistics class regarding their shoe size is numerically summarized by xQ = 9.91, Q1 = 8,
2.64 On-time performance of airlines In 2015, data collected on the monthly on-time arrival rate of major domestic and regional airlines operating between Australian airports is numerically
2.62 Vacation days National Geographic Traveler magazine recently presented data on the annual number of vacation days averaged by residents of eight countries. They reported 42 days for Italy, 37
2.61 Create data with a given standard deviation Use the Mean versus Median web app on the book’s website to investigate how the standard deviation changes as the data change. When you start the
2.60 Youth unemployment in the EU The Youth Unemployment data file on the book’s website contains 2013 unemployment rates in the 28 EU countries for people between 15 and 24 years of age. (The data
2.59 Judging skew using xQ and s If the largest observation is less than 1 standard deviation above the mean, then the distribution tends to be skewed to the left. If the smallest observation is less
2.58 Facebook friends A student asked her coworkers, parents, and friends, “How many friends do you have on Facebook?” She summarized her data and reported that the average number of Facebook
2.57 Time spent using electronic devices A student conducted a survey about the amount of free time spent using electronic devices in a week. Of 350 collected responses, the mode was 9, the median
2.54 Students’ shoe size Data collected over several years from college students enrolled in a business statistics class regarding their shoe size shows a roughly bell-shaped distribution, with xQ
2.53 On-time performance of airlines In 2015, data collected on the monthly on-time arrival rate of major domestic and regional airlines operating between Australian airports shows a roughly
2.51 Heights For the sample heights of Georgia college students in Example 14, the males had xQ = 71 and s = 3, and the females had xQ = 65 and s = 3.a. Use the empirical rule to describe the
2.50 Exam standard deviation For an exam given to a class, the students’ scores ranged from 35 to 98, with a mean of 74. Which of the following is the most realistic value for the standard
2.49 Shape of home prices? According to the National Association of Home Builders, the median selling price of new homes in the United States in February 2014 was $261,400. Which of the following is
2.48 Life expectancy including Russia For Russia, the United Nations reported a life expectancy of 70. Suppose we add this observation to the data set for Western Europe in the previous exercise.
2.47 Life expectancy The Human Development Report 2013, published by the United Nations, showed life expectancies by country. For Western Europe, some values reported were Austria 81, Belgium 80,
2.46 Traffic violations A company decides to examine the number of points its employees have accumulated in the last two years on a driving point record system. A sample of twelve employees yields
2.45 Airplane crashes One variable in a study measures how many airplane crashes a commercial airline company has had in the past year.a. Calculate the expected value of the mode for this variable.b.
2.42 Dining out A recent survey asked students, “On average, how many times in a week do you go to a restaurant for dinner?” Of the 570 respondents, 84 said they do not go out for dinner, 290
2.40 More baseball salaries Go to espn.go.com/mlb/teams and select a (or your favorite) team. Click Roster and then Salary. Copy the salary figures for the players into a software program and create
2.39 Sale price of houses According to the U.S. Census Bureau, houses in 2014 had a median sales price of$282,800 and a mean sales price of $345,800
2.38 Public transportation—outlier Refer to the previous exercise.a. Use the Mean Versus Median app (see Activity 1) to investigate what effect adding the outlier of 90 to the data set has on the
2.37 Public transportation—center The owner of a company in downtown Atlanta is concerned about the large use of gasoline by her employees due to urban sprawl, traffic congestion, and the use of
2.34 Labor dispute The workers and the management of a company are having a labor dispute. Explain why the workers might use the median income of all the employees to justify a raise but management
2.33 Weekly earnings and gender In New Zealand, the mean and median weekly earnings for males in 2009 was $993 and $870, respectively and for females, the mean and median weekly earnings were $683
2.32 Resistance to an outlier Consider the following three sets of observations:Set 1: 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 Set 2: 8, 9, 10, 11, 100 Set 3: 8, 9, 10, 11, 1000a. Find the median for each data set.b. Find
2.31 More on CO2 emissions The Energy Information Agency reported the CO2 emissions (measured in gigatons, Gt)from fossil fuel combustion for the top 10 emitting countries in 2011. These are China (8
2.30 More median versus mean For each of the following variables, would you use the median or mean for describing the center of the distribution? Why? (Think about the likely shape of the

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