Refer to the previous exercise for a description of the data set. a. Perform k-means clustering to

Question:

Refer to the previous exercise for a description of the data set.

a. Perform k-means clustering to group the 38 countries into four clusters according to their population measures (i.e., Population Growth, Female Pop, Male Pop, Total Pop, Labor Force, Fertility Rate, and Birth Rate) only. Is data standardization necessary in this case?

b. Describe the characteristics of each cluster. Compare the average GNI per capita of each group and report your findings.

Data from Exercises 35

The accompanying data set contains country-level health and population measures for 38 countries from the World Bank’s 2000 Health Nutrition and Population Statistics database. For each country, the measures include death rate per 1,000 people (Death Rate, in %), health expenditure per capita (Health Expend, in US$), life expectancy at birth (Life Exp, in years), male adult mortality rate per 1,000 male adults (Male Mortality), female adult mortality rate per 1,000 female adults (Female Mortality), annual population growth (Population Growth, in %), female population (Female Pop, in %), male population (Male Pop, in %), total population (Total Pop), size of labor force (Labor Force), births per woman (Fertility Rate), birth rate per 1,000 people (Birth Rate), and gross national income per capita (GNI, in US$). The accompanying table shows a portion of the data.