Indicate whether each statement below is true or false.

If false, explain why.

a) A radio show would like to know its audiences’ opinion on a topic. So they open a few hotlines for their audience to respond. More than 20,000 people respond and 75% of them gave positive views. Though the response rate is high, audiences’ opinions result in voluntary response bias.

b) While conducting a convenience sampling, we must know the sampling probability in selecting a group of individuals as sample.

c) A measurement error is the error that occurs between a measured value and its predicted value.

d) Pilot test is necessary and useful in providing the groundwork in a research project. It is also one of the essential stages in a research project to minimize the investment in time and resources.