W. Edwards Deming in his red bead experiment had a box of 4,000 beads, of which 800 were red and 3,200 were white.* Suppose a researcher were to conduct a modifi ed version of the red bead experiment. In her experiment, she has a bag of 20 beads, of which four are red and 16 are white. Th is experiment requires a participant to reach into the bag and randomly select fi ve beads without replacement.

a. What is the probability that the participant will select exactly four white beads?

b. What is the probability that the participant will select exactly four red beads?

c. What is the probability that the participant will select all red beads?