=+23. Human Development Index (HDI) 2012. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) collects data in the developing world to help countries solve global and national development challenges. In the UNDP annual Human Development Report, you can find data on over 100 variables for each of 197 countries worldwide.

One summary measure used by the agency is the Human Development Index (HDI), which attempts to summarize in a single number the progress in health, education, and economics of a country. In 2012, the HDI was as high as 0.955 for Norway and as low as 0.304 for the Congo and Niger. The gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC), by contrast, is often used to summarize the overall economic strength of a country. Is the HDI related to the GDPPC?

Here is a scatterplot of HDI against GDPPC.

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 GDPPC 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 HDI M16_SHAR8696_03_SE_C16.indd 572 14/07/14 7:38 AM Exercises 573