Baby birds Do birds learn to time their breeding?

Blue titmice eat caterpillars. The birds would like lots of caterpillars around when they have young to feed, but they must breed much earlier. Do the birds learn from one year’s experience when to time their breeding next year? Researchers randomly assigned 7 pairs of birds to have the natural caterpillar supply supplemented while feeding their young and another 6 pairs to serve as a control group relying on natural food supply. The next year, they measured how many days after the caterpillar peak the birds produced their nestlings.32 The investigators expected the control group to adjust their breeding date the next year, whereas the well-fed supplemented group had no reason to change. Here are the data (days after caterpillar peak):

Control: 4.6 2.3 7.7 6.0 4.6 −1.2 Supplemented: 15.5 11.3 5.4 16.5 11.3 11.4 7.7

(a) Do the data provide convincing evidence to confirm the researchers’ belief?

(b) Interpret the P-value from part

(a) in the context of this study.