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business
understanding cross cultural management

Questions and Answers of Understanding Cross Cultural Management

Casse (1981) developed an exercise to encourage his students to develop their empathic skills. He asked them to listen to a recording of a dialogue between John Miller (a US project manager in
My team and I were in London for a short stay because of business we were conducting for a client of ours based in the UK. As a part of the contract with our client, my team was to be reimbursed for
The word ‘culture’ is used in many ways, such as when people talk about ‘national culture’, ‘organisational culture’, ‘political culture’ or ‘youth culture’. In which ways do the
Managing an organisation also involves managing human resources. These resources are not static: employees can move to another position, or leave an organisation, or be replaced. Ideally, any
This chapter has described cultural dimensions that can give insight into differences between national cultures. What are the advantages and limitations when using these dimensions to describe
Hofstede’s cultural dimensions were characterised in this chapter in relation to the business environment. Which of the dimensions mentioned in this chapter do you consider to be most relevant to
The Hofstede’s fifth dimension arose from research carried out by researchers with ‘Eastern minds’. What added value does this dimension give to measuring the effect of culture in all business
One criticism of Hofstede’s work is that the scores on each dimension reflect only an ‘average tendency’ of a particular country and, therefore, inadequately reflect the wide range of responses
On the basis of the results of its surveys, the GLOBE project arranged the countries in 10 clusters (see Table 2.9). What is your opinion concerning this kind of classification of countries?Table 2.9
Ants, those masters of collaboration, have made their species some of the most successful on the planet. In contrast, tigers walk alone, and are in grave danger of extinction. The message for
On initial examination, the findings of the GLOBE project appear to be an ambitious and elaborate extension of Hofstede’s research, a ‘development of Hofstede’s doctrine’ and ‘a corrective
Germany has had plenty of troubles in the credit crunch. Some of its of the banks were pretty stupid and, as the strong man of the Eurozone, it has been riven by rows over its taxpayers having to
It takes less than 10 minutes to drive from Avtovaz, maker of Lada cars, to its joint venture with General Motors. But to make the journey feels like crossing the border between the Soviet Union and
Selim Bora had never been south of the Sahara before the call came to design and build the conference centre for an African Union summit in just six months.But a week later the 43-year-old Turkish
Both Australia and New Zealand have taken a similar path in the development of policies regarding cultural diversity.Up until the mid-1960s, Australia’s concern was maintaining homogeneity through
Mention has been made in the two concepts of the Anglo-Saxon approach to business. How would you summarise this approach? Why do you think this approach often comes under criticism? Refer to any
It has been argued that, since both countries span the continents of Europe and Asia, Russia and Turkey are each in fact two countries: one belonging to Europe, the other belonging to Asia. Can
Do you think the whole continent of America could be seen as having one business culture?
Which of those multicultural societies mentioned in this chapter do you consider to have been most successful in dealing with the issue of multiculturalism. Give your reasons.
Airbus SAS, based in Toulouse, France, is a major airplane manufacturer, producing around half of the world’s jet airliners. It was formally established in 1970 as a European consortium whose goal
‘Does Europe hate us?’ Thomas Friedman, the New York Times columnist, asked in a documentary on the Discovery Channel last week. The answer, he concluded after pottering around the Continent
Jan de Rover sat back in his chair, his feet resting on the piles of paperwork on his desk. He watched a jet flying low over the greenhouses as it came in to land at Amsterdam airport. He was
The chairman of an investigation ordered by Japan’s parliament into the Fukushima nuclear disaster has declared that it was a crisis ‘made in Japan’ resulting from the ‘ingrained conventions
Capturing the voice of minority shareholders is crucial for improving the woeful corporate governance standards in the country, which is said to be one of the biggest factors behind the so-called
The full-page, colour newspaper advertisement looks irresistible – top Bollywood stars romancing against the stunning backdrop of Swiss mountains and meadows.Sponsored by Switzerland Tourism, the
In the last two decades, Buddhism’s appeal has grown in the West, drawing people seeking a calm not found in the fast-paced world of Internet-driven commerce and communications. Its economic model
Africa’s movers and shakers sipped fruit cocktails on Wednesday in the glitzy Ritz Four Seasons hotel in Lisbon as they celebrated a homegrown business success story.The man they came to honour was
A strange kind of revolution is taking place in the tiny, energy-rich Gulf emirate of Qatar.Until relatively recently a fiercely conservative peninsular state living in the long shadow of Saudi
Concept 4.1 underlined the importance of Confucianism and Buddhism in Asian societies. The differences between these two religions or philosophies have caused GLOBE to create two clusters, one
Sub-Saharan Africa could be characterised as a region of contrasts: on the one hand there is modernity and Western influence, and on the other hand tradition and local cultural values.How do you
A Canadian packaging company wished to extend its activities in the area of convenience foods. It had pinpointed one particular area where it could supply pizza boxes to half a dozen chains of pizza
One of my clients was a South Korean company established in the Netherlands. The sales targets that the company had been given by the headquarters in Seoul were very high. To help the company reach
The following incident took place in a company based in South Africa and which had a Dutch management team. Those employed in the production department were black.The general manager was pleased with
One of my tasks as financial manager was to implement a customer profitability system at a Swedish company located in Amsterdam. The system required a team of people from different parts of the
An English friend of mine had finished her studies in the most famous grande école of commerce in France. She did both her undergraduate and her MBA studies there and then she was hired by a
In their response to Hofstede, Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner consider their dimensions to be essentially ‘heuristic devices’ or speculative formulations that serve as a guide for investigations
For cultural dilemmas in business, Trompenaars proposes the reconciliation method as a way of dealing with opposing values. If the definition of ‘dilemma’ is taken as ‘a situation that requires
Marcus, an American whose parents had been born in India, arrived in Zurich with his Swiss wife. They were both excited about starting a new chapter in their life together. After spending four years
Marcus, an American whose parents had been born in India, arrived in Zurich with his Swiss wife. They were both excited about starting a new chapter in their life together. After spending four years
The concept gives a range of eight cultural values that could affect five management skill areas.Can you suggest other cultural value ranges that could be applied? Are there other management skill
There are those who think that when doing business internationally it is necessary to follow certain professional codes of behaviour, such as keeping to deadlines, meeting delivery dates and obeying
You have seen how culture can affect management.Apart from being aware of this, what else do you think is needed to perform successfully in a cross-cultural context?
Earley argues that culture has less to do with determining values and more to do with meanings. When doing so, he refers to Rohner’s definition of culture: ‘The totality of equivalent and
Gullestrup sees the General dynamics culture model which he has created (see Figure 6.2 – which includes Figure 6.1 ) as being a frame for further research. It is to be seen as a skeleton to which
The taxi arrived at the impressive mansion in Faqra and I made my way through the blistering sun towards the entrance. I was met by two servants and directed to Mr Haider’s room. He had faxed me a
An organisation’s structure and culture are often seen as one and the same. Its structure is often given more serious consideration than its culture. If the size of the company increases or
Even if their classification systems differ, the scholars who introduced the concept of corporate culture, such as Deal and Kennedy, and Schein, describe the basis of corporate culture using the same
Johnson uses the ‘web’ metaphor to analyse organisational culture, since a web has interwoven strands all linked to the central idea (paradigm) of an organisation. Geertz, however, prefers the
Our group, the Venture Group – a mother company in India, with as branch head, Mr Soota – received an offer to invest $2 million in a joint venture between Brigitte Zankyl GmbH in Munich and
Gordon Nixon makes a point of escaping Canada’s frigid winter each January for a Caribbean cruise.But the excursion is more work than pleasure for Royal Bank of Canada’s chief executive. His 700
Over a six-month period in 2011–2012, members of the Global Agenda Council on New Models of Leadership met in Abu Dhabi and Davos, as well as virtually, to discuss and agree on a collective view of
Ouchi put forward the Z theory to explain how Japanese management works and to show the Americans what they could learn from their Japanese counterparts. Many advocates of the theory indicate that
One element of transformational leadership referred to in this chapter is charisma. Research shows that it is a universal attribute of good leadership. However, certain facets of charisma are valued
Companies are becoming increasingly aware of the need for relation-oriented skills in their global endeavours. Female managers working for Western companies, for example, could generally be regarded
When addressing the issue of global talent management, mention is made of the need to find a successful balance between setting global standardisation and implementing it according to local
Have you heard the one about the three captains of industry? The Brit insists he is happy to have his decisions challenged. The German stresses the importance of humility. And the Frenchman enjoys
Managing talent in a global organization is more complex and demanding than it is in a national business – and few major worldwide corporations have risen to the challenge.A McKinsey survey of
When the chief executives of Renault-Nissan and Daimler kicked off a strategic tie-up at a picture-perfect signing ceremony in Brussels on Wednesday, both quoted philosophers from their partner’s
Strategy is often linked to change. Globalisation compels companies to internationalise, so they must choose a strategy that enables them to remain competitive in the global market. Strategy is also
What is important in the process of creating a global culture is dealing with diversity, opposite poles and the complementarity of ideas. This means that the creation of a global culture in
We have made significant progress in changing our culture and organization to ensure that we can deliver our strategy. The unification of the parent companies under Royal Dutch Shell plc in 2005 has
Cultural differences have played an important role in many of the cases I have been involved in. Sometimes they have helped to speed up a transaction, sometimes they have delayed a transaction –
The values which a company adheres to are often explicitly stated in some form of mission statement , often to be found in its annual report.Established as a trading company in Mumbai, India, in
For nearly 150 years, John Lewis has had a shop on London's Oxford Street. Customer 'footfall' is steady. The department store group's carefully nurtured and increasingly well-marketed reputation for
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is unique in that expatriates constitute more than 80 per cent of the population. As the country continues to grow and accept foreigners at an astounding pace, Emiratis
Andr Laurent (1983) carried out investigations in several countries into the attitudes of managers towards their organisation. A series of studies he made concerning national differences in concepts

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