A sample of subjects were asked their opinion about current laws legalizing abortion (support, oppose). For the explanatory variables gender (female, male), religious affiliation (Protestant, Catholic, Jewish), and political party affiliation (Democrat, Republican, Independent), the model for the probability

π of supporting legalized abortion, logit(π) = α + βG h

+ βR i

+ βP j

has reported parameter estimates (setting the parameter for the last category of a variable equal to 0.0) ˆα = −0.11, ˆ βG 1

= 0.16, ˆ βG 2

= 0.0, ˆ βR 1

= −0.57,

ˆ βR 2

= −0.66, ˆ βR 3

= 0.0, ˆ βP 1

= 0.84, ˆ βP 2

= −1.67, ˆ βP 3

= 0.0.

a. Interpret how the odds of supporting legalized abortion depend on gender.

b. Find the estimated probability of supporting legalized abortion for (i) male Catholic Republicans and (ii) female Jewish Democrats.

c. If we defined parameters such that the first category of a variable has value 0, then what would ˆ βG 2 equal? Show then how to obtain the odds ratio that describes the conditional effect of gender.

d. If we defined parameters such that they sum to 0 across the categories of a variable, then what would ˆ βG 1 and ˆ βG 2 equal? Show then how to obtain the odds ratio that describes the conditional effect of gender.