Data posted at the FBI website (www.fbi.gov) stated that of all blacks slain in 2005, 91% were slain by blacks, and of all whites slain in 2005, 83% were slain by whites. Let Y denote race of victim and X denote race of murderer.

a. Which conditional distribution do these statistics refer to, Y given X, or X given Y ?

b. Calculate and interpret the odds ratio between X and Y .

c. Given that a murderer was white, can you estimate the probability that the victim was white? What additional information would you need to do this?

(Hint: How could you use Bayes’s Theorem?)