Show that X² = n∑∑(p_ij – p_i+ p_+j)²/p_i+ p_+j. Thus, X² can be large when n is large, regardless of whether the association is practically important. Explain why this test, like other tests, simply indicates the degree of evidence against H₀ and does not describe strength of association. (“Like fire, the chi-square test is an excellent servant and a bad master,” Sir Austin Bradford Hill, Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 58:295—300, 1965.)