Table 9.16 displays diagnoses of multiple sclerosis for two neurologists. The categories are (1) Certain multiple sclerosis, (2) Probable multiple sclerosis, (3) Possible multiple sclerosis, (4) Doubtful, unlikely, or definitely not multiple sclerosis.

a. Test marginal homogeneity (i) by comparing symmetry and quasi-symmetry models, (ii) with a test that uses the ordering of response categories. Inter- pret.

b. Use the independence model and residuals to study the pattern of agreement. Interpret.

c. Use more complex models to study the pattern and strength of agreement between the neurologists. Interpret results.

d. Use kappa to describe agreement. Interpret.

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Table 9.16 Neurologist A 1 234 Neurologist B 1 2 3 4 38 5 33 11 10 14 3 7 0353 1 0 6 10 Source: Based on data in J. R. Landis and G. Koch, Biometrics, 33: 159-174 (1977). Reprinted with permission of the Biometric Society.