Your technician is doing a steady-state evaporative crystallization of nickel chloride. The inlet water flow rate is \(100 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{h}\). The feed is a saturated liquid at \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and the evaporative crystallizer also operates at \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The vapor and entrained liquid removed is condensed and weighed, and we find there is \(20.5 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{h}\) of liquid. The technician noticed that the condensed liquid is salty. Upon measurement, he found that the concentration of anhydrous \(\mathrm{NiCl}_{2}\) in the vapor plus entrained liquid that was then condensed is \(2.20 \mathrm{~kg} / 100 \mathrm{~kg}\) water. Solubility data are in Table 17-1.

a. How many \(\mathrm{kg} / \mathrm{h}\) of anhydrous \(\mathrm{NiCl}_{2}, \mathrm{~A}\), precipitate in the crystallizer?

b. How many \(\mathrm{kg} / \mathrm{h}\) of the stable hydrate, \(\mathrm{NiCl}_{2} \cdot 6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\), precipitate in the crystallizer?

c. What is \(\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{W}, \text { out }}\) in \(\mathrm{kg} / \mathrm{h}\) ?

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TABLE 17-1. Solubilities of selected inorganic and organic compounds in water Compound Formula Stable T, C, Solubility, kg Anhydrous Hydrate Compound/100 kg Water # HO 0 20 40 60 80 100 Ammonium NH4Br 60.6 75.5 91.2 108 126 146 bromide Ammonium NHA 29.4 37.2 45.8 55.3 65.6 77.3 chloride Ammonium NH4 155 172 191 209 229 250 iodide Ammonium NH4NO3 nitrate Ammonium (NH4)2SO4 118.3 192 297 421 580 871 70.6 75.4 81 88 95 103 sulfate Barium chloride BaCl2 Calcium chloride CaCl2 Cobalt chloride CoCl2 Copper sulfate CuSO4 Lithium chloride LiCI 26 - 56 31.2 35.8 40.8 46.2 52.5 59.4 59.5 74.5 128 137 147 159 43.5 52.9 69.5 93.8 97.6 106 14.3 20.7 28.5 40.0 55.0 75.4 69.2 83.5 89.8 98.4 112 128 52.9 54.6 57.5 61.0 66.1 73.3 Magnesium MgCl2 chloride Manganese chloride MnCl2 63.4 73.9 88.5 109 113 115 Nickel chloride NiCl2 6 53.4 60.8 73.2 81.2 86.6 87.6 Potassium KCI 28.0 34.2 40.1 45.8 51.3 56.3 chloride Potassium KF 44.7 94.9 138 142 150 fluoride Potassium nitrate KNO3 Sodium acetate NaCH3O2 Sodium acetate NaC2H3O2 3 36.3 Sodium chloride NaCl Sodium nitrate NaNO3 73 Sodium sulfate Na2SO4 Sodium sulfate Na2SO4 7 Sodium sulfate Na2SO4 10 5.0 Benzoic acid C6H3COOH - 0.17 Citric acid C3H4OH(COOH); 1 C6H12O6 146 215 Fructose - 75 80 90 Glucose Cotiz 1 46 92 160 280 440 Sucrose C12H22O11 179 204 238 287 362 487 96 8 31.6 63.9 110 169 247 - 139 153 170 46.5 65.5 139 36.0 36.6 37.1 38.0 39.2 88 104 124 148 180 48.8 45.3 43.7 42.5 44.1 19.4 8 g | | 0.29 0.56 1.16 2.72 5.88 277 372 526