(a) Calculate the rate in watts at which heat transfer through radiation occurs (almost entirely in the infrared) from 1.0 m² of the Earth's surface at night. Assume the emissivity is 0.90, the temperature of the Earth is 15°C, and that of outer space is 2.7 K. 

(b) Compare the intensity of this radiation with that coming to the Earth from the Sun during the day, which averages about 800 W/m², only half of which is absorbed.

(c) What is the maximum magnetic field strength in the outgoing radiation, assuming it is a continuous wave?