Scientists have investigated how quickly hoverflies start beating their wings when dropped both in complete darkness and in a lighted environment. Starting from rest, the insects were dropped from the top of a 40-cm-tall box. In the light, those flies that began flying 200 ms after being dropped avoided hitting the bottom of the box 80% of the time, while those in the dark avoided hitting only 22% of the time. 

a. How far would a fly have fallen in the 200 ms before it began to beat its wings? 

b. How long would it take for a fly to hit the bottom if it never began to fly?