The solar system in perspective. The diameters of the Earth and the Sun are approximately 1.3 × 10⁷ m and 1.4 × 10⁹ m respectively, and the average Sun–Earth distance is 1.5 × 10¹¹ m. Consider a scale model of the solar system, where the Earth is represented by a peppercorn 3.7 mm in diameter. 

(a) Calculate the diameter of the Sun in this model. Name an object of this size that could be used in the model. 

(b) To keep the model in scale, how far would the peppercorn Earth be from the center of the model Sun? 

(c) Pluto’s orbit can take it as far as 5.9 × 10¹² m away from the Sun. A grain of sand could represent Pluto in our model. How far away from the model Sun would this grain of sand be?