(a) Calculate the net electric force acting on the dipole. 

(b) Show that the magnitude of the torque on the dipole is τ = qEd sin θ. 

(c) Calculate the torque acting on the dipole for θ = 0, 36.9°, and 90.0°.

The axis of a dipole (charges ±q = ±3.0 μC at the ends of a uniform rod of length d = 7.0 cm) makes an angle θ with a uniform electric field E = 2.0 × 10⁴ N/C, as shown in Fig. 16.43. The charges each have mass 5.0 g and the rod has mass 20.0 g.

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