Calculate (A + B) + C by hand, assuming A, B, and C are stored in the modified 16-bit NVIDIA format described in 3.11.2 (and also described in the text). Assume 1 guard, 1 round bit, and 1 sticky bit, and round to the nearest even. Show all the steps, and write your answer in both the 16-bit floating point format and in decimal.

Problem 3.11.2

NVIDIA has a “half” format, which is similar to IEEE 754 except that it is only 16 bits wide. The leftmost bit is still the sign bit, the exponent is 5 bits wide and stored in excess-56 format, and the mantissa is 10 bits long. A hidden 1 is assumed. Write down the bit pattern assuming a modified version of this format, which uses an excess-16 format to store the exponent. Comment on how the range and accuracy of this 16-bit floating point format compares to the single precision IEEE 754 standard.

Operations performed on fixed-point integers behave the way one expects—the commutative, associative, and distributive laws all hold. This is not always the case when working with floating point numbers, however. Let’s first look at the associative law. The following table shows sets of decimal numbers.

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a. b. A 3.984375 x 10-1 3.96875 X 10⁰ В 3.4375 x 10-1 8.46875 x 10⁰ с 1.771 x 10³ 2.1921875 x 10¹