Questions and Answers of Concepts Of Programming Languages 10th

What is exception handling?
Some programming languages—for example, Pascal—have used the semicolon to separate statements, while Java uses it to terminate statements. Which of these, in your opinion, is most natural and
Perl 6, when it arrives, will likely be a significantly enlarged language. Make an educated guess as to whether a language like Lua will also grow continuously over its lifetime. Support your answer.
Define syntax and semantics.
Consider the following grammar: → a b→ b | b → a | aWhich of the following sentences are in the language generated by this grammar?a. baabb. bbbabc.
What programming paradigm that nearly all recently designed languages support is not supported by Go?
What feature of Delphi’s classes is included in C#?
What language designer worked on both C and Go?
Consider the following grammar: → a c | | b→ c | c → d | Which of the following sentences are in the language generated by this grammar?a.
Prove the following program is correct:{n > 0}count = n;sum = 0;while count <> 0 dosum = sum + count;count = count - 1;end{sum = 1 + 2 + . . . + n}
Describe the differences between top-down and bottom-up parsers.
What array operations are provided specifically for single-dimensioned arrays in Ada?
What is the primary difference between a record and a tuple?
What is the purpose of an F# tuple pattern?
What are the design issues for unions?
What is a coercion?
What is a mixed-mode expression?
What is referential transparency?
What is short-circuit evaluation?
Why must the structure of nonpointer abstract data types be given in Ada package specifications?
What is parametric polymorphism?
What are the design issues for functions?
What is a closure?
What are the disadvantages of designing an abstract data type to be a pointer?
Explain how information hiding is provided in an Ada package.
To what is the private part of an Ada package specification visible?
What is the difference between private and limited private types in Ada?
Compare the way Ada 95 provides polymorphism with that of C++, in terms of programming convenience.
What is the purpose of an Objective-C category?
Show a complete parse, including the parse stack contents, input string, and action for the string id * (id + id), using the grammar and parse table in Section 4.5.3.Table in Section 4.5.3.Consider
Show a complete parse, including the parse stack contents, input string, and action for the string (id + id) * id, using the grammar and parse table in Section 4.5.3.Table in Section 4.5.3.Consider
What is left factoring?
In what way are reserved words better than keywords?
What is the l-value of a variable? What is the r-value?
What is a block?
Define static, fixed stack-dynamic, stack-dynamic, fixed heap-dynamic, and heap-dynamic arrays. What are the advantages of each?
The unions in C and C++ are separate from the records of those languages, rather than combined as they are in Ada. What are the advantages and disadvantages to these two choices?
What array initialization feature is available in Ada that is not available in other common imperative languages?
Are the unions of Ada always type checked?
Define type error.
Consider the following C program:int fun(int *i) {*i += 5;return 4;}void main() {int x = 3;x = x + fun(&x);}What is the value of x after the assignment statement in main, assuminga. Operands are
What is a cast?
What is the definition of block?
Write the following Java for statement in Ada:int i, j, n = 100;for (i = 0, j = 17; i < n; i++, j--)sum += i * j + 3;
In Ada, the choice lists of the case statement must be exhaustive, so that there can be no unrepresented values in the control expression. In C++, unrepresented values can be caught at run time with
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the Java for statement, compared to Ada’s for.
What are the design issues for counter-controlled loop statements?
What is a user-defined iteration control?
What are the design issues for subprograms?
What is the name of the parameter-passing method used in Ruby?
What is in an Ada package specification? What about a body package?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Objective-C approach to syntactically distinguishing class methods from instance methods?
What is the use of the Ada with clause?
What is the use of the Ada use clause?
What is the fundamental difference between a C++ class and an Ada package?
Describe a situation where a C# struct is preferable to a C# class.
What is the purpose of a C++ constructor?
The namespace of the C# standard library, System, is not implicitly available to C# programs. Do you think this is a good idea? Defend your answer.
Are Objective-C classes types?
Why does Java not need a use clause, such as in Ada?
How are instances of Ada generic classes created?
Describe a .NET assembly.
In what ways can “compatible” be defined for the relationship between an overridden method and the overriding method?
What are the two most important effects that Smalltalk has had on computing?
How are C++ heap-allocated objects deallocated?
What is the purpose of an Objective-C protocol?
What is boxing?
How is a call to a subprogram in Ada 95 specified to be dynamically bound to a subprogram definition? When is this decision made?
What is the purpose of a task-ready queue?
What is the purpose of an Ada terminate clause?
What is the purpose of the FORALL statement of High-Performance Fortran and Fortran?
Write an Ada code segment that retries a call to a procedure, Tape_Read, that reads input from a tape drive and can raise the Tape_Read_Error exception.
From ARM (1995), determine how exceptions that take place during rendezvous are handled.
Revise the Java program of Section 14.4.5 to use EOFException to detect the end of the input.Section 14.4.5Following is the Java program with the capabilities of the C++ program in Section 14.3.5:The
What is aliasing?
Rewrite the Java code of Section 14.4.6 that uses a finally clause in C++.Section 14.4.6There are some situations in which a process must be executed regardless of whether a try clause throws an
Where are unhandled exceptions propagated in Ada if raised in a subprogram? A block? A package body? A task?
Where does execution continue after an exception is handled in Ada?
What are the four exceptions defined in the Standard package of Ada?
Compare the exception-handling facilities of C++ with those of Ada. Which design, in your opinion, is the most flexible? Which makes it possible to write more reliable programs?
How is a user-defined exception defined in Ada?
How can an exception be suppressed in Ada?
Describe three problems with Ada’s exception handling.
Does C++ include built-in exceptions?
Can you disable a Java exception?
Define event and event handler.
What is event-driven programming?
Describe how a multiple-processor machine could be used to implement resolution. Could Prolog, as currently defined, use this method?
What are antecedents? Consequents?
Explain what is wrong with the Prolog statement K is K + 1.
What is a conjunction?
Explain the generate-and-test programming strategy in Prolog.