Mason owns a passive activity that generates a loss of $14,000 in 2017, $12,000 in 2018, and income of $4,000 in 2019. In 2018, Mason purchases a second passive activity that has passive income of $6,000 in 2018 and $10,000 in 2019. Discuss the effect of Mason's passive activity investments on his taxable income in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Assume that neither passive activity involves rental real estate.