(Product complexity) Superior Electronics is a world leader in the produc¬ tion of electronic test and measurement instruments. The company experi¬ enced almost uninterrupted growth through the 1990s, but in the 2000s, the low-priced end of the Portables Division’s product line was challenged by the aggressive low-price strategy of several Japanese competitors. These Japanese companies set prices 25 percent below Superior’s prevailing prices. To compete, the division needed to reduce costs and increase customer value by increasing operational efficiency.

The division took steps to implement just-in-time delivery and schedul¬ ing techniques as well as a total quality control program and to involve peo¬ ple techniques that moved responsibility for problem solving down to the operating level of the division. The results of these changes were impres¬ sive: substantial reductions in cycle time, direct labor hours per unit, and in¬ ventory levels as well as increases in output dollars per person per day and operating income. The cost accounting system was providing information, however, that did not seem to support the changes.

Total overhead cost for the division was $10,000,000; of this, part (55%) seemed to be related to materials and the remainder (45%) to conversion. Material-related costs pertain to procurement, receiving, inspection, stock- room personnel, and so on. Conversion-related costs pertain to direct labor, supervision, and process-related engineering. All overhead was applied on the basis of direct labor.

The division decided to concentrate efforts on revamping the application system for material-related overhead. Managers believed the majority of ma¬ terial overhead (MOH) costs were related to the maintenance and handling of each different part number. Other types of MOH costs were driven by the value of parts, absolute number of parts, and each use of a different part number.

At this time, the division used 8,000 different parts and in extremely dif¬ ferent quantities. For example, annual usage of one part was 35,000 units; usage of another part was only 200 units. The division decided that MOH costs would decrease if a smaller number of different parts were used in the products.

Source: Adapted from Michael A. Robinson, ed., Cases from Management Accounting Practice, No. 5 (Montvale, N.J.: National Association of Accountants. 1989), pp. 13-17. Copyright by Institute of Manage¬ ment Accountants (formerly National Association of Accountants), Montvale, N.J.

a. Give some reasons that MOH would decrease if parts were standardized.

b. Using the numbers given, develop a cost allocation method for MOH to quantify and communicate the strategy of parts standardization.

C. Explain how the use of the method developed in part

(b) would sup¬ port the strategy of parts standardization.

d. Is any method that applies the entire MOH cost pool on the basis of one cost driver sufficiently accurate for complex products? Explain.

e. Are MOH product costing rates developed for management reporting ap¬ propriate for inventory valuation for external reporting? Why or why not?