The China Health and Nutrition Survey aims to examine the effects of the health, nutrition, and family planning policies and programs implemented by national and local governments. It, for example, collects information on number of hours Chinese parents spend taking care of their children under age 6. The side-by-side box plots below show the distribution of this variable by educational attainment of the parent. Also provided below is the ANOVA output for comparing average hours across educational attainment categories.

(a) Write the hypotheses for testing for a difference between the average number of hours spent on child care across educational attainment levels.

(b) What is the conclusion of the hypothesis test?

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150 100- Child care hours 50- . 8 00 Primary school Lower middle school Upper middle school Technical or vocational College Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F) education 4 4142.09 1035.52 1.26 0.2846 Residuals 794 653047.83 822.48