Are the following statements true, false or uncertain? Provide a brief explanation to back up your answer.

(a) In the dual economy model, the phase of disguised unemployment must be associated with a horizontal supply curve of industrial labor.

(b) A low or moderate inequality of land holdings should slow down the pace of rural–urban migration.

(c) Migration restrictions alone lead to too many people in the informal sector.

(d) In the Harris–Todaro model, an increase in the formal sector labor demand at a fixed wage rate must lower the percentage of people in the informal sector, as a fraction of the urban labor force.

(e) If governments cannot tax agriculture, the supply curve of labor to industry in the Lewis model is always upward sloping.