A company owns a 5-year-old turret lathe that has a book value of $20,000. The present market value of the lathe is $16,000. A new turret lathe can be purchased for $45,000. Using a before-tax analysis and an insider’s point of view, what is the first cost of the new lathe?

a. $29,000

b. $45,000

c. $25,000

d. $16,000