A professor offers to split $1,000 among all students getting the highest score on a test. The test is to be multiple choice. Before the test, all the students meet and agree to answer all questions with “B.”

Identify if the following promotes collusion (all students answering

“B”) or competition (some students putting down the correct answers):

a. The teacher publicly announces each student’s score.

b. Students live with each other in the same dorm.

c. The brightest students are also the most athletic, and thus able to protect themselves against reprisals if they get caught putting down the right answers.

d. A few students are “loners” and “unsocial.”

e. The class is very large.