4. 2014 FIFA World Cup was held in Brazil from 12 June to 13 July. The following table shows the prices of individual match tickets for general international public in category 1.

MATCH Price Opening Match (No. 1) $495 Group Matches (No. 2 to 48) $175 Round of 16 (No. 49 to 56) $220 Quarter–Finals (No. 57 to 60) $330 Semi–Finals (No. 61 & 62) $660 3rd/4th Place Match (No. 63) $330 The Final (No. 64) $990

a. What kind of pricing strategy has been used to set the prices of individual match tickets?

b. How does the theory behind this pricing strategy explain the price differences in the table?