In a study on speed control, it was found that the main reasons for regulations were to make traffic flow more efficient and to minimize the risk of danger. An area that was focused on in the study was the distance required to completely stop a vehicle at various speeds. Use the following table to answer the questions.

Assume MPH is going to be used to predict stopping distance.
1. Which of the two variables is the independent variable?
2. Which is the dependent variable?
3. What type of variable is the independent variable?
4. What type of variable is the dependent variable?
5. Construct a scatter plot for the data.
6. Is there a linear relationship between the two variables?
7. Redraw the scatter plot, and change the distances between the independent-variable numbers. Does the relationship look different?
8. Is the relationship positive or negative?
9. Can braking distance be accurately predicted from MPH?
10. List some other variables that affect braking distance.
11. Compute the value of \(r\).
12. Is \(r\) significant at \(\alpha=0.05\) ?

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MPH Braking distance (feet) 20 20 30 45 40 81 50 133 60 205 80 411