Listed below are measures of pain intensity before and after using the drug Duragesic (fentanyl) (based on data from Janssen Pharmaceutical Products, L.P.). The data are listed in order by row, and corresponding measures are from the same subject before and after treatment. For example, the first subject had a measure of 1.2 before treatment and a measure of 0.4 after treatment. Each pair of measurements is from one subject, and the intensity of pain was measured using the standard visual analog score. A higher score corresponds to higher pain intensity.

1. Correlation Use the given data to construct a scatterplot, then use the methods of Section 10-1 to test for a linear correlation between the pain intensity before and after treatment. If there does appear to be a linear correlation, can we conclude that the drug treatment is effective?

2. Regression Use the given data to find the equation of the regression line. Let the response (y) variable be the pain intensity after treatment. What would be the equation of the regression line for a treatment having absolutely no effect?

3. Two Independent Samples The methods of Section 9-2 can be used to test the claim that two populations have the same mean. Identify the specific claim that the treatment is effective, then use the methods of Section 9-2 to test that claim. The methods of Section 9-2 are based on the requirement that the samples are independent. Are they independent in this case?

4. Matched Pairs The methods of Section 9-3 can be used to test a claim about matched data. Identify the specific claim that the treatment is effective, then use the methods of Section 9-3 to test that claim.

5. Best Method? Which of the preceding results is best for determining whether the drug treatment is effective in reducing pain? Based on the preceding results, does the drug appear to be effective?