4. Think about a social or environmental challenge you’d like to work on and all the stakeholders involved. What key jujitsu partners would be necessary to shift frameworks around that challenge, and what would be the core value proposition needed for each partner? Extrapreneurship can be illustrated by collaborative jujitsu, which Bill Drayton cited in his interview. This concept incorporates multiple processes of social entrepreneurship, including social innovation, systems thinking, interdisciplinary collaboration, and resource mobilization. In Brazil, several such elements came together and allowed the Ashoka team to practice collaborative jujitsu to change education frameworks.

Jujitsu is a martial art whose name derives from the Japanese words jū and jutsu, together meaning “gentle art.” Brazilian jiu- jitsu centers on knowledge of the human anatomy and physical systems, as well as careful consideration of angles, timing, pressure, and use of leverage. Ashoka’s work in Brazil relied on these same principles of understanding the system, identifying levers of change, and engaging in a careful dance with partners that involved constant assessment of timing, pressure, and angles. Changemakers can apply these principles in a thinking and decision- making process to shape adaptive institutions

(as opposed to stable institutions that propagate stagnant power dynamics)