Briefly identify the following concepts and phrases: troposphere, greenhouse gases (GHGs), anthropogenic climate change, the Keeling curve, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), positive and negative feedback mechanisms, cryosphere, the albedo effect, radiative forcing, the telekinesis property of the atmosphere, climate models, base-line scenario, climate sensitivity, climate tipping point, greenhouse gas damage and abatement costs, decarbonization, the social cost of carbon, cap-and-trade, carbon tax, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Conference of the Parties (COP), the Kyoto Protocol, the principle of common but differentiated responsibility, Annex I parties, joint implementations, carbon debt, carbon credit (reparation), the clean development mechanism (CDM), and the Paris Climate Agreement.