Cash Flow Valuation Phillips Industries runs a small manufacturing operation.

For this fiscal year, it expects real net cash flows of $190,000. Phillips is an ongoing operation, but it expects competitive pressures to erode its real net cash flows at 4 percent per year in perpetuity. The appropriate real discount rate for Phillips is 11 percent. All net cash flows are received at year-end. What is the present value of the net cash flows from Phillips’s operations?