A treatment group was given a cold vaccine, while the control group was given a placebo. Doctors then recorded the fraction of each group that caught a cold and calculated the two-sided P value to be 0.08. Explain why you either agree or disagree with each of these interpretations of these results:

a. “There is an 8 percent probability that this cold vaccine works.”

b. “If a randomly selected person takes this vaccine, the chances of getting sick fall by about 8 percent.”

c. “These data do not show a statistically significant effect at the 5 percent level;

therefore, we are 95 percent certain that this vaccine does not work.”