Analogous to the preceding exercise, the data in Table 7.3 for deceased MLB players were used to investigate the research hypothesis that players with negative initials (like PIG) do not live as long, on average, as players with neutral initials (like GHR).

Calculate the difference between the negative and control AADs for each birth year and use these eight differences to test the null hypothesis that the population mean difference is equal to zero.

a. What is the two-sided P value?

b. Does the average value of the difference seem substantially different from 0?

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Birth Year Negative AAD Control AAD 1858 57.00 62.94 1864 70.00 61.38 1874 85.00 65.28 1881 93.00 67.28 1886 57.00 70.61 1893 57.50 68.36 1916 41.00 72.53 1918 85.00 72.21