8.

a. Based on historical data and assuming less-than-full employment, periods of sharp acceleration in the growth rate of the money supply tend to be associated initially with:

i. Periods of economic recession.

ii. An increase in the velocity of money.

iii. A rapid growth of gross domestic product.

iv. Reductions in real gross domestic product.

b. If the exchange rate value of the British pound goes from U.S.$1.95 to U.S.$1.75, then the pound has:

i. Appreciated and the British will find U.S. goods cheaper.

ii. Appreciated and the British will find U.S. goods more expensive.

iii. Depreciated and the British will find U.S. goods more expensive.

iv. Depreciated and the British will find U.S. goods cheaper.

c. Changes in which of the following are likely to affect interest rates?

I. Inflation expectations.

II. Size of the federal deficit.

III. Money supply.

i. I and II only.

ii. II and III only.

iii. I and III only.

iv. I, II, and III.

d. According to the supply-side view of fiscal policy, if the impact on total tax revenues is the same, does it make any difference whether the government cuts taxes by either reducing marginal tax rates or increasing the personal exemption allowance?

i. No, both methods of cutting taxes will exert the same impact on aggregate supply.

ii. No, people in both cases will increase their saving, expecting higher future taxes, and thereby offset the stimulus effect of lower current taxes.

iii. Yes, the lower marginal tax rates alone will increase the incentive to earn marginal income and thereby stimulate aggregate supply.

iv. Yes, interest rates will increase if marginal tax rates are lowered, whereas they will tend to decrease if the personal exemption allowance is raised.