9. A member of a firm’s investment committee is very interested in learning about the management of fixed-income portfolios. He would like to know how fixed-income managers position portfolios to capitalize on their expectations concerning three factors which influence interest rates:

a. Changes in the level of interest rates.

b. Changes in yield spreads across/between sectors.

c. Changes in yield spreads as to a particular instrument.

Formulate and describe a fixed-income portfolio management strategy for each of these factors that could be used to exploit a portfolio manager’s expectations about that factor. (Note: Three strategies are required, one for each of the listed factors.)