In an exercise in Chapter 7, we asked whether college football teams tend to be more likely or less likely to be mismatched in the upper National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) divisions. During one week of a college football season, the population of 53 Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) games had a mean spread (winning score minus losing score) of 16.189, with a standard deviation of 12.128. We took a sample of 4 games that were played that week in the next-highest league, the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), to see if the spread were different; one of the many leagues within FCS, the Patriot League, played 4 games that weekend. Their mean was 8.75.

a. Calculate the 95% confidence interval for this sample.

b. State in your own words what we learn from this confidence interval.

c. What information does the confidence interval give us that we also get from a hypothesis test?

d. What additional information does the confidence interval give us that we do not get from a hypothesis test?