Journal entries for dividends. Give journal entries, if required, for the following transactions, which are unrelated unless otherwise specified:

a. A firm declares the regular quarterly dividend on its 10 percent, \(\$ 100\)-par value preferred stock. There are 10,000 shares authorized and 8,000 shares issued, of which the firm has previously reacquired 1,600 shares and holds them in the treasury.

b. The firm pays the dividend on the preferred stock (see part a).

c. A company declares and issues a stock dividend of \(\$ 250,000\) of no-par common stock to its common shareholders.

d. The shares of no-par stock of the corporation sell on the market for \(\$ 300\) a share. To bring the market value down to a more popular price and thereby broaden the distribution of its stockholdings, the board of directors votes to issue four extra shares to shareholders for each share they already hold. The corporation issues the shares.