A company had the following assets and liabilities at the beginning and end of this year.

Determine net income or net loss for the business during the year for each of the following separate cases.

a. Owner made no investments in the business, and no dividends were paid during the year.

b. Owner made no investments in the business, and dividends paid were $15,000 during the year.

c. No dividends were paid during the year, but the owner did invest an additional $55,000 cash in exchange for common stock.

d. Dividends paid were $15,000 during the year, and the owner did invest an additional $35,000 cash near year-end in exchange for common stock.