Which statement is false with respect to backdating of stock options?

a. Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple, was involved with backdating.

b. Manipulating a stock option exercise date to a lower price will decrease the corporation's tax deduction.

c. By picking a grant date on which the stock price is lower, an executive pays the corporation less when she exercises the stock.

d. By picking a grant date on which the stock price is lower, the company's deduction for options exercised by executives is increased.

e. None of the above is false.