EXERCISE 8–1 Selected financial information for ADAM Corporation is reproduced below:

1. NOA turnover (average NOA equals ending NOA) is 3.

2. NOPAT margin is 7%.

3. Leverage ratio (average NFO to average common equity) is 1.667, and the Spread is 8.4%.

Required:

a. Compute return on net operating assets (RNOA).

b. Compute return on common equity using its three major components.

c. Prepare an analysis of the composition of return on common equity describing the advantage or disadvantage accruing to common shareholders’ equity from use of leverage.