The text presents free trade as advantageous for developing countries. However, in its period of most rapid development, the half century following the Civil War, the United States imposed tariffs on imports that averaged around 40 percent, a level higher than those in all but one of today's developing economies.

a. Why did so many of today's industrialized countries not follow those policies as they were developing?

b. What does this insight into economic history suggest about the doctrine of free trade and whose interests it serves? (Radical)