DFS Corporation is currently an all-equity firm, with assets with a market value of $100 million and 4 million shares outstanding. DFS is considering a leveraged recapitalization to boost its share price. The firm plans to raise a fixed amount of permanent debt (i.e., the outstanding principal will remain constant) and use the proceeds to repurchase shares. DFS pays a 25%

corporate tax rate, so one motivation for taking on the debt is to reduce the firm’s tax liability.

However, the upfront investment banking fees associated with the recapitalization will be 5%

of the amount of debt raised. Adding leverage will also create the possibility of future financial distress or agency costs; shown below are DFS’s estimates for different levels of debt:

Debt amount ($ million): 0 10 20 30 40 50 Present value of expected distress and agency costs ($ million): 0.0 -0.3 -1.8 -4.3 -7.5 -11.3

a. Based on this information, which level of debt is the best choice for DFS?

b. Estimate the stock price once this transaction is announced.