The above study had no control group. Assuming that the same standard deviation of change would occur among controls and the mean change among controls = 0, how many participants would be necessary to detect a mean difference of 5 units of change between those receiving stimulation and a control group of equal size with 80% power if a two-sided test is used with α = .05?

Neurology

In a 5-year follow-up of bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus among 49 patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease, investigators assessed changes in symptoms as measured by the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (range = 0 to 108, with higher values denoting more symptoms). Assume this measure follows a normal distribution. The mean score at baseline was 55.7. The standard deviation of change from baseline to 5 years was 15.3.