Nobleford Inc. is trying to determine its cost of debt. The firm has a debt issue outstanding with 23 years to maturity that is quoted at 97% of face value. The issue makes semiannual payments and has an embedded cost of 5% annually. Assume the par value of the bond is $1,000. What is the company’s pre-tax cost of debt? If the tax rate is 35%, what is the after-tax cost of debt?