• Employee ownership plans (employee share options or stock ownership plans)

are likely to be more prevalent in countries with low power distance (reflecting an egalitarian attitude towards ownership), and in those with higher levels of individualism (where a calculative involvement of employees, through contractual and financial relations with the company, will provide a bigger incentive to perform), and in those with lower levels of uncertainty avoidance

(as employees and organizations may be more willing to share risk). The results support this, indicating that employee ownership plans are more likely to be found in countries with high individualism, lower uncertainty avoidance and lower power distance.